1991 (1) KLT Journal 29 - Legal Profession: Restrictions

(By K.G. Balasubramanian, Advocate, Irinjalakuda)

It is stuperfying to see that members of the noble profession, nay the noblest profession, have started feeling sentiments of not so noble a nature expressed in the article. One is at a loss to understand the trepidations of the writer about the short comings of/in the profession and among its members, which are based on an intention to shut out competition. At what cost, to the litigant community and to the entire annals of legal achievements? We are facing a period of challenge and reforms in the social, cultural, economic, educational and all other spheres of life. Social justice is being shaped into stark reality, by and large, as a concerted effort of judges, advocates, socialworkers and a host of other persons. I have in mind hundreds of persons who have benefited by neethi melas organised by persons committed to cause of unfortunate litigants who cannot, for any number of reasons, get justice from the existing system stymied by procedural laws and precedents.

The sentiments expressed by the writer must be shared by many among my brothers. But I feel that the profession has had to suffer only because of such sentiments, to a larger extent. One's policy should be 'live and let live'. Our profession has the deepest roots. It has survived time and history, evolving new and practical facets, in response to the calls of time. This article is not intended to be one to dwell upon legal history, but to be a reasonable response to the outraging article.

Personally, I feel that the solution to the antipathy of the writer is to set up more and more courts, on a more practical basis. The present set up is not based on any real sense of litigant population, but only on the purse of the exchequer. It is the duty of the government to establish courts. Unfortunately, judiciary does not get its share from the powers-that-be who are concerned more about those glorious 5 years in office as-a-minister-MLA-or-otherwise. Is it because of an anticipation of loss of power and authority? Let us have courts to administer justice on a population basis and not an area/extent basis. In our taluk (Mukudapuram), a major number of cases originate in identified areas since a long time and the litigants can be better catered to by having a court nearby, instead of having to travel 40 KMs. one-way to get justice. There should be more law colleges in order that one may know HIS law in these days of executive abuses. In all enactments creating adjudicatory authorities, it should be laid down that only law graduates shall be appointed as any authority. Enrolments should be made frequent occurrences in order to facilitate juniors to enter the profession at the earliest. Is the writer aware that doyens of the bar and judiciary have not all been holding creditable academic records? Academic brilliance need not always enable a person to be legal luminary. But not vice versa.

The writer has contradicted himself in his over enthusiasm. Imposing the restrictions suggested by him would only mean suffocation and saturation of the profession. It is upto a litigant to decide whose services he requires and not for the advocate or any supervisory body. After all, who can say which case he should accept or decline, the arena being unpredicable, in anticipation, only on the basis of number of cases he may be restrained with?

There is no meaning in prescribing an upper age limit also, since changing fortunes in life may compel anyone to enter the profession, if he is otherwise qualified, not because "he does not find a place anywhere else" but because of a feeling of "Liberty, equality and fraternity" and above all, THE SPIRIT TO FIGHT FOR WHATEVER IS RIGHT.  Should one be denied  that opportunity?

However, I would like to add my own suggestion to ameliorate the plight of the profession. Why not amend the Advocates Act and Rules to the following effect:

1. Advocates holding a specified number of briefs should take in a specified number of juniors.

2. Juniors shall remain juniors for a specified period and shall have actively assisted the senior in a specified number of cases.

3. Seniors shall pay the juniors at specified rates, for which the fees rules may be suitably amended fixing the minimum chargeable fees (which will also prevent undercutting and tax evasion).

4. The Bar Council shall have power of superintendence over these and allied general matters.

5. Provide efficient Judges, who are fairly remunerated, on par with at least a senior civil servant.

Above all, one should be fair and truthful to himself and all others, giving and receiving respect.

Judges on Strike: Lessons to Learn

(By Kaleeswaram Raj, Advocate, Supreme Court and  Kerala High Court)

The total bedlam in the Telangana judiciary has left an indelible scar in the country’s legal history.  Very many Judges across the new State behaved abominably when they called for ‘High Court bandh’ (a new brand indeed) and threatened of availing mass casual leave (which the service rules are unable to tackle).  The advocates fulsomely supported the Judges and they could practically lock the court premises scattered over the ten districts in Telangana.  Altogether eleven Judges are suspended by the High Court at Hyderabad.  The effrontery by the bar and the bench reflected a peculiar category of judicial jingoism that refuses to share even a common High Court for the two States which enjoyed geographical and political syncretism till the bifurcation in 2014.

The “Bangalore principles of judicial conduct” is a fine instrument of Indian origin that captured international recognition.  It was accepted in its revised form at the Round Table Conference of the Chief Justices held at The Hague in 2002.  The principles require the Judges of all ranks to ‘exhibit and promote high standards of judicial conduct, in order to reinforce public confidence in the judiciary” and to “avoid impropriety and appearance of impropriety” and “accept personal restrictions”.  The Telangana episode is apparently antithetical to the grandeur of the ‘Bangalore values’.  Winston Churchill put it pithily: “A form of life and conduct more severe and restricted than that of ordinary people is required from Judges”.

One should not however, underestimate the concerns expressed by the agitators at the grass root level.  The Subordinate judiciary is the supreme judiciary for the majority of the people in India.  In All India Judges Association case (1991), the Supreme Court emphasized the significance of district judiciary which performs the sovereign functions of the State.  In essence, every Judge is bound to be an epitome of the Constitution.

The Telangana Judges’ Association seems to have a genuine concern about the provisional allocation of Judges between the two States.  As against the cadre strength of 335 Judges in Telangana, only 190 are ‘natives’ and others are from Andhra Pradesh, it is bemoaned.  The protesters  demanded the “Andhra Judges” to “quit Telangana”.  Also they demand a separate High Court for the newly formed State.

Article 3 of the Constitution enables “formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing State”.  The State of Telangana is formed by virtue of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.  The statute envisaged a clear bifurcation of the State in the executive and the legislative realm.  However, Section 30 of the Act in a consolatory gesture said that, for the time being, the High Court at Hyderabad would remain as the common High Court for both the States.  Section 31, on the other hand,   by way of a predictive note, prescribes separate High Courts for both the States.  Thus the political division which the Telangana could attain was not translated to judicial level.  The judiciary at Telangana, for a variety of reasons, finds itself uncomfortable with the control exercised by the Andhra Pradesh High Court.

Judicial federalism is a constitutional virtue. The High Courts in the country are older than the Supreme Court.  Article 214 of the Constitution only says that “there should be a High Court for each State”.  It does not make it mandatory that each State has to have a separate High Court.  Democratic harmony in Indian Federalism has however materialised common High Courts for a few States.  Gauhati High Court exercises jurisdiction over Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland and Mizoram.  Punjab and Haryana share a single High Court.  Bombay High Court encompasses Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra, Daman and Diu. Lakshadweep is under the Kerala High Court and the Andaman Nicobar Islands are under the Calcutta High Court.   Puducherry,  a different terrain, subjects itself to Madras High Court.

However, the story of Telangana is ostensibly different.  People in the new State can have legitimate reasons and justifications to demand judicial autonomy and independence.  But the means to  attain the end also needs to be equally legitimate.  The judicial tinderbox in Telangana is the manifestation of the deeper fissure between the two States at political, economic and cultural levels.   But the method of agitation by the robed brethren had only exacerbated the situation.  The suspension orders by the High Court, which refused to strike a code with the political and historical sentiments emanated from the judicial citizenry in Telangana has only aggravated the judicial dismemberment. Federalism and decentralisation do not halt with the powers accrued on the High Court.  It should travel further, down to earth.  A separate High Court for Telangana would help maintaining the quintessential relation between the court and the people.

(The above article was originally published in Deccan Herald dated 2.7.2016).

What A Fall -- Friends?

(By K. Ramakumar, Sr. Advocate, High Court of Kerala)

Seniority in every walk of life is a proud achievement, which undoubtedly has to be earned or acquired and not adjured or canvassed. Like respect, it has to be commanded and not demanded. Unfortunately, even in one of the oldest professions in the world and considered honourable and learned there is open pettifogging for recognition of seniority at official levels. To aggravate the situation, Writ Petitions have been filed not only in the Supreme Court but in Meghalaya, Karnataka and Kerala High Courts questioning the designation of some Lawyers as Seniors, of-course by other Lawyers.

What a pitiable and piffling predicament? Intensely distressed no less a person than our venerable Chief Justice of India had declared in open Court “We are open to correct the system, but challenging past designation is not good for the Bar. There should be some comity at the Bar”. The Hon’ble Chief Justice was making comments at the time when the Apex Court was dealing with a petition questioning the very mechanism of designation of Lawyers as Senior Advocates by the Supreme Court. The Chief Justice also suggested that Lawyers should “place some confidence in the collective wisdom of the Bench”.

However, the most significant observation made by the Hon’ble Chief Justice is as follows: “Some time, even we are surprised that someone has emerged successful (in getting designated).”

How could this happen in an institution primarily established to uphold the rules and the rule of law. Lawless law Courts are beyond the imagination of an ordinary citizen. Ultimately the Hon’ble Chief Justice said “Whatever has happened has happened. Intervene and argue on what should be the system of designation we are open to correcting the system”.

The Hon’ble Chief Justice was candid enough to concede “there are no statutory norms for designating Advocates”. This indeed raises a piquant and pertinent question, ‘how can the Apex Court and the High Courts engage in entangling themselves with a crucial issue touching the very dignity and prestige of the Bar, in the absence of statutory rules’? It appears only the High Court of Bombay has firm and definite rules regarding designation of Advocates as Seniors. No other High Court has framed rules so far. This definitely will lead to misuse, for which indubitably some sections of the Bar are prone to. Seniority is not only sought after but also fought after. Coteries, caucuses and cliques never do any good to the noble profession. How do the learned Judges who are not expected to be familiar with the antecedents, capacity, character, knowledge, and maturity, etc., of all lawyers practicing before them, fix upon one of them as a Senior Advocate without any norms to guide them in that matter. It must be said to the credit of one of the prominent chartered High Courts of the country, the Mumbai High Court that it has not only stuck to the rules framed by it but by and large has been sagacious in the matter of choosing Lawyers to be conferred with the honour of Senior designation. In all other High Courts including in the Apex Court absence of Rule has led to lobbying and the consequent discontentment among a wide section of the Bar. It gives no credit either to the givers or to the takers. Absence of parameters always paves the way to arbitrariness. Like in any other field unmeritorious often queue up and finally make it as the Hon’ble Chief Justice had the courage to admit.

In no other profession there exists the system of conferring seniority. There are no Senior Doctors, no Senior Architects, no Senior Scientists and no Senior Engineers. The very system, which often works out to invidious discrimination therefore, needs a second look. In a democratic country we need not blindly copy the pattern of English Courts. We can make a beginning to charter our own course. Sooner it is done the better, for ensuring the integrity and credibility of judicial institutions.

sXmgnen \nbat`ZKXnIÄ

(By Thampan Thomas, Advocate, Supreme Court of India and Kerala High Court)

C´ybn \nehnepÅ 54 tI{µ sXmgn \nba§-fpw 100 ]cw kwØm\ \nba§fpw X§fpsS hyhkmb kwcw`§fpsS hfÀ¨bv¡v hne§pXSnbmbn \n¡p¶p;  Ah t`ZKXn sN¿Wsa¶XmWv C´ybnse sXmgnepSaIfpsS \nc´camb Bhiyw. BtKmfoIcW {]{Inbbn sXmgn taJebn \nb{´W§Ä¡v Øm\ansöpw, Xpd¶ hn]W\ taJebn aXvkc¯n\mWv {]m[m\ysa¶pw, BbXn\m DXv]mZ\ D]m[nIsf A\nb{´nXambn NqjWw sN¿m³ X§Ä¡p IgnbWsa¶pw AhÀ hmZn¡p¶p. sXmgnemfnIsf \nban¡m\pw, ]ncn¨phnSm\papÅ AhImiw, X§Ä¡v kzbm¯amsW¶pw, aÕc It¼mf¯n GXpXcw DXv]mZ\ D]m[nIfmWv D]tbmKnt¡IsX¶v Xocpam\n¡m\pÅ AhImihpw sXmgnepSaIÄ¡msW¶XpamWv AhcpsS Imgv¨¸mSv. tImÀ¸tdäpIfpsS k½À±¯n\v hg§n C´ym Kh¬saâv sImIphcp¶ ]pXnb sXmgn \nba ]cnjv¡mc§Ä ASp¯v Xs¶ ]mÀesaân AhXcn¸n¨v AwKoIcn¡phm\nSbpIv. CXnt\mSIw CXn\mbn _nÃpIfpsS IcSpcq]hpw, XrI£n NÀ¨Ifpw, ]mÀesaâv Ìm³Un§v I½ÁnbpsS \S]Sn {Ia§fpw ]qÀ¯nbmbn. C´ybnse sXmgnemfn, sXmgnepSa, Kh¬saâv {]Xn\n[nIfS§p¶ D¶X A[nImc kanXnbmb C´y³ te_À tIm¬{^³knsâ ip]mÀiIÄ adnIS¶p sImImWv Cu \o¡w. DXv]mZ\ {]{Inbbnse Xpey]¦mfnbmb sXmgnemfn CtXmsS k¼qÀ®ambn ]mÀizhXv¡cn¡s¸SpIbmWv. ]p¯³ kmt¦XnI  hnZyIfpw, LS\m]camb amähpw sXmgn taJebpsS a\pjy apJw Xs¶ ]msS amÁn.

hmPvt]bn Kh¬saânsâ Im-e-¯v 2002 2-mw sXmgn I½oj\mbn \nban¨ {io. Pn.cho{µhÀ½ I½oj³ \ÂInb ip]mÀiIfpsS ad]änbmWv ]p¯³ sXmgn  \nba t`ZKXnIÄ. {io. Pn. cho{µhÀ½bpsS ip]mÀiIfn AkwLSnX taJe Hgn¨pÅ FÃm   ip]mÀiIfpw   C´y³ te_À tIm¬{^³kv  \ncmIcn¨XmWv. PkvÁnÊv KtP{µ KUvIÀ sNbÀam\mb 1-mw sXmgn I½oj³ 1967 \ÂInb ip]mÀiIfmWv sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v \nehnepÅ tkh\ thX\ hyhØ \nba ]cnc£bneqsS Dd¸phcp¯nbXv.

sXmgn \nba§fpsS ASnØm\ ZÀi\w \½psS  `cWLS\bpsS auenImhImi§fnepw, \nÀtZiI XXz§fnepw AS§nbncn¡p¶p. A´ÀtZiob  sXmgn am\ZÞ§Ä \nÝbn¡s¸«n«pÅ ILObpsS 189 I¬h³j\pIfpw, 200 ]cw ip]mÀiIfpw, {]tab§fpw temIs¯¼mSpapÅ sXmgn \nba§fpsS \nba XXz kwlnX (Basic Jurisprudence)BWv. C´ybnse ap³ Kh¬saâpIÄ C¶v \ne\n¡p¶ sXmgn \nba§Ä cq]s¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ Chbmbncp¶p AhcpsS amÀ¤tcJ. sXmgn \nba§Ä Hcp Welfare\nbasa¶ \nebn {]tXyI ]cnKW\IÄ \ÂIn kwc£n¡s¸«ncp¶p. sXmgn AhImi§sf am\pjnI Ah-Imi§fmbn ]cnKWn¡pIbpw a\pjys\ NqjWw sN¿p¶ k{¼Zmb§Ä \nb{´n¡phm³ Ch D]bpàamhpIbpw sNbvXp.

C¶v Xpd¶ It¼mf¯n hnIk\¯nsâ adhn sXmgnemfnIsf \nkmchXv¡cn¨v aqe[\w sXmgnemfn¡v ta k¼qÀ® B[n]Xyw Øm]n¨ncn¡pIbmWv. AXn\m ]c¼cmKXambn A\phÀ¯n¨p h¶ncp¶ kwLS\m kzmX{´yhpw, Iq«mb hnet]iepw, \nba ]cnc£bpw Hgnhm¡phm\mWv sXmgnepSaIfpw, Kh¬saâpw B{Kln¡p¶Xv.

hyhkmb _Ô \nbaw (Labour Code on Industrial Relations 2015)

1947se sXmgn XÀ¡ \nbahpw, 1928se t{SbvUv bqWnb³ \nbahpw, 1948se C³Ukv{Sob Ìm³UnwKv HmÀUÀ BIvSpw t{ImUoIcn¨v Hcp ]pXnb hyhkmb _Ô \nba¯n\v Kh¬saâv cq]w sImSp¯ncn¡p¶p. Cu \nba¯nsâ IcSp  hyhØIsfIpdn¨v cIv XrI£n  NÀ¨Ifpw, ]mÀesaâv sXmgnÂImcy kaXnbpsS NÀ¨Ifpw ]qÀ¯nbmbn«pIv. Hcp ]s£ Cu _nÃv F{Xbpw thKw ]mÀesaân AhXcn¸n¨v  \nbaw B¡s¸Sphm\nSbpIv. sXmgnemfnbpw, sXmgnepSabpw, Dev]mZ\ taJebnse Xpey ]¦mfnIsf¶ AwKoIrX kahmIyw Xncp¯n¡pdn¨v sXmgnepSabv¡p taÂssI \evIp¶XmWv hyhkmb _Ô tImUv. sXmgnepSabv¡pw, sXmgnemfnbv¡pw, at²y kÀ¡mcnsâ \n£v]£X F¶Xv amän Kh¬saâv sXmgnepSa ]£¯v tNcp¶p. t{SbvUv bqWnb³ \nbaw d±v sNbvXv ]pXnb tImUn bqWnb\pIfpsS cq]oIcWw t]mepw Akm[yam¡n¯oÀ¡p¶p.  ]pdta \n¶pw, bqWnb\p IÄ¡v t\Xm¡Ä ]mSnÃ. DsI¦n Xs¶ AXv AkwLSnX taJebn am{Xw. A§s\ HcmÄ¡v `mchmlnbmIp¶ bqWnb\pIÄ cIp am{Xw. Øm]\§fn \n¶pw, s]³j\mb hÀ¡v t\XrXz Øm\§Ä GsäSp¡m³ AtbmKyX, sXmgnemfn bqWnb\pIÄ¡v Political Fund  cq]oIcn¡m\hImianÃ. bqWnb\pIÄ cPnÌÀ sN¿m³  Npcp§n-b-Xv 100 t]À AsÃ-¦n 10 iXam\w Poh\¡mÀ At]£n¡Ww. ]WnapS¡pIÄ ]qÀ®ambpw \nb{´W hnt[bw. \nba hncp² ]WnapS¡pIÄ¡v Pbn in£.  sXmgnepSaIÄ sXmgnemfnIfpambn t\cn«v IcmÀ DIm¡mw. Iq«mb hnet]ien\pw kwLS\ kzmX{´y¯n\p ta I¯n hbv¡p¶ GÀ¸mSv. CXv `cWLS\bpsS auenImhImi§-fnÂs¸Sp¶ 19mw A\ptOZw A\phZn¡p¶ kwLS\ kzmX{´y¯nsâbpw, ILObpsS 87, 98 F¶o tImÀI¬h³j\pIfp sSbpw \Kv\amb ewL\w. sXmgnemfnIÄ Poh³ sImSp¯v t\SnsbSp¯ am\pjnImhImi §Ä Cu t`ZKXnbneqsS FSp¯p Ifbp¶p. ]pXnb hyhkmb _Ô \nba¯n Aenªp tNcp¶ asämcp \nbaamWv  C³Ukv{Sob Ìm³UnwKv HmÀUÀ BIvSv.  \nehn Cu \nbaw hyhkmb Øm]\§fnse Poh\¡mcpsS tkh\ hyhØIÄ \nÀ®bn¡p¶p. Poh\¡mÀ s¡XnscbpÅ A¨S¡ \S]SnIÄ, {]tamj\pIÄ, ^mIvSdnbn A\phÀ¯nt¡INpaXeIÄ, ØeamÁ§Ä XpS§nbh ]qÀ®ambpw sXmgnepSabv¡p A[nImcw  \evIp¶ XmWv t`ZKXn sN¿s¸« \nbaw. CXnse XrI£n _Ôhpw, Kh¬saânsâ CSs]Sepw ]msS CÃmbva sN¿pIbmWv. sXmgnepSabv¡p A\nb{´nXamb A[nImcw  \evIp¶ \nba ]cnjv¡mcw. Hire and Fire(\nban¡m\pw, ]ncn¨phnSm\pw) sXmgnepSabv¡p A[nImcw \evIp¶ \nba t`ZKXn. Ìm³UnwKv HmÀUÀ BIvSnsâ \ntj[§Ä tNmZyw sN¿phm³ sXmgnemfnbvt¡m, bqWnb\pIÄt¡m AhImianÃ. Dev]mZ\ Imcy£aXbv¡p thI]cnjv¡mc§Ä hcp¯p¶Xn\v DSabv¡p ]qÀ® kzmX{´yw DImbncn¡pw. sXmgn k{¼Zm-b-¯n 300 Xmsg Poh\¡mcpÅ hyhkmb Øm]\w kÀ-¡mÀ A\phmZanÃmsX AS¨p]q«m³ ]pXnb \nbaw sXmgnepSasb A\phZnbv¡p¶p. ap¶dnbn¸panÃmsX amä§Ä hcp¯mw. IcmÀ sXmgnemfnsbbpw, \nÝnX kab sXmgnemfnsbbpw \nban¡mw.

sXmgn XÀ¡ \nbaw t`ZKXn  sNbvXp ]pXnb hyhkmb _Ô tImUv \nehn hcpt¼mÄ, Gsd hÀjambn \½psS tImSXnIÄ  \ÂInbn«pÅ hn[nIfpw, XymtKmÖzeamb kac§fneqsS t\SnsbSp¯ t{SbvUv bqWnb³ AhImi§fpw, sa¨amb sXmgnepw thX\hpw, Xpeyamb ]¦mfn¯w F¶ ASnØm\ XXzhpw hnS]dbpIbmWv.  sXmgnemfnIÄ  A\p`hn ¡p¶ \nba ]cnc£IÄ CtXmsS CÃmXmIpw. Dev]mZ\ hÀ²hn\mbn sXmgnemfnIÄ ASnaIfpw sXmgnepSaIÄ   kÀÆm[nImcnbpw kÀ¡mÀ Hcp t\m¡pIp¯nbpw Bbn-¯ocpw.

thPv tImUv (Labour Code on Wage Bills, 2015)

thX\ kw_Ôamb \nba§Ä kwtbmPn¸n¡pIsb¶ Dt±it¯msS Minimum Wages Act, Bonus Act, Equal Remuneration Act, Payment of Wages ActXpS§nb \nba§Ä GIoIcn¨v sXmgn–thX\ \nba§sf t{ImUoIcn¡p¶ ]pXnb \nba \nÀtZiamWv Labour Code on Wage Bill, 2015.\nehnepÅ  thX\w Ipdbv¡p¶Xn\v bmsXmcp  sXmgnepSabv¡pw  AhImianÃ. Ct¸mÄ Kh¬saâv sImIphcp¶ sXmgn \nba t`ZKXnIfneqsS  aWn¡qdpIÄ¡pw, DZv]mZ\¯n\pw Iqen IW¡m¡n an\naw thX\w \nÝbn¡mhp¶XmWv. F¶m \nehnepÅ \nba§Ä A\pkcn¨v \ntXym]tbmK km[\§fpsS hne, Hcp sXmgnemfnbpsS Bhiy§Ä, DXv]mZ\ Nnehv XpS§nbhsbÃmw XrI£n  kanXnbneqsS hnebncp¯nbmWv an\naw Iqen \nÝbn¡p¶Xv. C¯cw Hcp \nba¯n\v {]m_eyansöpw ]Icw sXmgn sN¿p¶ kab¯nsâbpw DXv]mZ\¯nsâbpw ASnØm\¯n an\naw Iqen \nÝbn¡Ww F¶v ]dbp¶Xv `cWLS\ \ÂIp¶ Dd¸pIfpsS ewL\amWv. BonusF¶Xv kmÀÆ{XoIhpw, \o¡nhbv¡s¸« thX\hpamsW¶v sXmgnemfnIÄ Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ Bonus \nba¯nsâ ]cn[nbn  \n¶pw AwKkwJybpsS ASnØm\¯n Øm]\§sf Hgnhm¡m\pÅ AhImiw ]pXnb Bonus Act\ÂIp¶p.  AXv Hcp sXmgn XÀ¡ambn D¶bn¡phm\pÅ AhImihpw \ntj[n¡s¸Sp¶p. Xpey tPmen¡v Xpey thX\sa¶Xv \nÀ_ÔaÃmsX hcpt¼mÄ hyXyØamb thX\w Htc Xcw sXmgnen GÀs¸Sp¶hÀ¡p \ÂIphm³ sXmgnepSaIÄ¡v AhImiw \ÂIpIbmWv. CXv `cWLS\ hmKvZm\w sN¿p¶ auenImhImi§-fmb 14Dw, 16Dw A\ptOZ§Ä¡v FXncmWv. thX\sa¶Xv  hyàn]camb Icmdnsâ ASnØm\¯n \ÂIm³ sXmgnepSaIÄ¡v ]pXnb \nbaw Ahkcw \ÂIp¶p. CXv \nc¦piamb NqjW¯n\v hgn hbv¡pw. Hmtcm \nba§fpsSbpw DtZiye£y§Ä a\knem¡msX Ah Hcpan¨v Iq«nt¨À¯v Hcp GIoIrX \nbaam¡p¶Xv A-imkv{XobamWv. an\naw thX\w Gäw Npcp§nb thX\amWv. ]Wn¡p-Å Iqen ]eXnsâbpw ASnØm\¯n emWv \nPs¸Sp¯nbn«p-Å-Xv, AXv \ÂIp¶ coXn XpS§nbh hyhØ sN¿p¶XmWv Payment of Wages Act. BonusF¶Xv ASnØm\]cambn \o¡n hbv¡s¸« thX\w F¶ \ne-bn GÁw Npcp§nb BonusDw em`¯nsâ ]¦mfn¯w F¶ \nebn Balance Sheetsâ ASnØm\¯n ]¦nSp¶ hnlnXhpamWv t_mWÊv. Wage Codet\mSv _Ôs¸Sp¯n Kh¬saâv t`ZKXn \nÀtZin¡p¶ asämcp \nbaw Equal Remuneration ActBWv. kv{XoIÄ¡pw, ]pcpj³amÀ¡pw Xpey thX\w \ÂIWsa¶pÅXv kmÀÆtZioIambn AwKoIcn¡s¸«n«pÅ XXzamWv.

C´y³- `cWLS\bpw, ILOI¬h³j\pIfpw sXmgn cwK¯v hnthN\w ]mSnÃm sb¶pw, Xpey tPmen¡v Xpey thX\w \ÂIWsa¶pw, Npcp§nb thX\w Pohn¡m\mhiyamb thX\ambncn¡Wsa¶pw \njv¡Àjn¨n«pIv. `cWLS\bpsS 14 Dw, 39 Dw, 43 Dw A\ptOZ §Ä Ch Dd¸p Xcp¶p. Chsb Bkv]Zam¡nbmWv Iqen kw_Ôamb hyXykvX \nba§Ä ]mÀesaâv AwKoIcn¨n«pÅXv. ]pXnb thX\ \nbaw \S¸m¡p¶tXmsS Iqen  sXmgnepSabpw, sXmgnemfnbpw X½n D­m¡p¶ Icmdnsâ ASnØm\¯n aWn¡qdpIÄ¡v IW¡m¡n Bbncn¡pw. 12 ap-X 131/2 aWn¡qÀ hsc sXmgnemfnsb ]WnsbSp¸n¡mw. Npcp§nb Iqensbt¶m, PohnXm[njvTnX an\naw Iq-en F¶tXm _m[Iambncn¡pIbnÃ. hnIknX cmPy§fn Atacn¡ DÄs¸sS Hcp aWn¡qdn-\v 1500 U.S. Dollar(10,000 cq]) hsc an\naw thX\w Bhiys¸«mWv Ct¸mÄ sXmgnemfnIÄ ]WnapS¡p¶Xv.  C´ybn aWn¡qdn\pÅ icmicn thX\w tI-h-ew 40 Dw 50 Dw cq]m am{XamWv. CXv cq]bpsS A`y´c hym]mc aqey¯nsâ t]cnemsW¶v kÀ¡mÀ hmZn¡p¶p. ChnsS tI{µ t{SbvUv bqWnb\pIÄXs¶ Bhiys¸«ncn¡p¶ Npcp§nb {]Xnamk th-X-\w 15000 cq]bmWv. kÀ¡mÀ IcmÀ sXmgnemfn IÄ¡v sImSp¡Wsa¶v Bhiys¸Sp-¶-Xv 10000 cq] am{Xhpw. kp{]ow tImSXnbpsS hn[nb\pkcn¨v C´ybn \nbam\pkrXamb  an\naw thX\w \evIm³ Ignbm¯  sXmgnepSaIÄ¡v  hyhkmbw \S¯phm³ AhImianÃ. \h DZmchXv¡cW \b§Ä¡v A\pkrXamb GIoIrX ]p¯³ thX\ \nbaw \S¸nem¡p¶tXmsS `cWLS\bpw, kp{]owtImSXn hn[nIfpw A{]kàambn¯ocpw. t_mWÊv \nbaw amdp¶tXm-sS 8 iXam\¯n Ipdbm¯-Xpw
20 iXam\¯n IqSm¯Xpamb em`¯nsâ ]¦mfn¯w am{XamIpw t_mWÊv.

^mIvSdokv BIvSv t`ZKXn \nbaw 2016

hnIk\¯n\v hnLmXambn C´ybnse sXmgn \nba§Ä \nesImÅp¶psh¶pw, {]tXyIn¨pw kpc£nXXzhpw, BtcmKyhpw, t£a {]hÀ¯\hpw (Safety, Health and Welfare)  em¡mbpÅ  ^mIvSdokv BIvSv s]mfns¨gpXWsa¶pw, FICCI, ASOCHEM, Chamber of Commerce, Manufactures Association XpS§nb sXmgnepSa kwLS\IÄ apdhnfn Iq«m³ XpS§nbn«v Imew Gsdbmbn. F¶m Cu \nbaw t`ZKXn sN¿msX Xs¶ h³ hnIk\-amWv sI«nS \nÀ½mWw, J\\w, F©n\obdn§v XpS§nb hyhkmb¯nepImbn«pÅXv. 1948\p tijw 1954, 1976, 1987 F¶o hÀj§fn \S¯nb aq¶p t`ZKXn am{XamWv. 1987 se t`ZKXn t`m¸m Zpc´¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nemWv. BtcmKy kpc£bpw, A]IS \nhmcW¯n\pw A\nhmcyamWv.  C´ybn Hcp aWn¡q-dn 46 acW§Ä hyhkmb A]IS§Ä DIm¡p¶p F¶mWv IW¡v.  Cu kmlNcy¯n IqSpX ]cnc£IÄ hcpt¯It`ZKXnbv¡p ]Icw, XeXncnª asämcp t`ZKXnbmWv tamZn kÀ¡mÀ sImIphcp¶Xv. 40 Ipdhv BfpIÄ sXmgn sN¿p¶ hyhkmb Øm]\§sf ^mIvSdokv BIvSnsâ ]cn[nbn Hgnhm¡p¶p. CXp h-gn 80% hyhkmb Øm]\§Ä \nb{´W hnapàcmbn¯ocpw. ]pXnb  kmt¦XnI hnZyIÄ D]tbmKn¨v h³InS hyhkm-b-§Ä 40 Ipdª am\htijnsImIv \S¯mhp¶ XmWv. tdmt_m«pIfpw, BÁanI F\ÀPnbpw DÅnSt¯mfw, hyhkmb D]m[nIsf hnLSn ¸n¡phm³ Ignbpw. IqSpX sXmgnemfnIÄ bmsXmcp hyhkmb¯nepw Bhiyambn hcnÃ. ]pXnb t`ZKXn {]-Im-cw 14 hbÊmb Ip«nIsf ^mIvSdnIfn tPmen sN¿n¡mw. CXv Child Labour Act\p hncp²amWv. \nc´cambn DImbns¡mIncn¡p¶ hyhkmb A]IS§Ä,  sXmgnemfn IÃm¯hcpsS kpc£ Cu t`ZKXnIÄ aptJ\ Dd¸p hcp¯p¶nÃ.  F³tUmkÄ ^m³, shSns¡«]ISw, sI«nSw XIÀ¶p hogÂ, kvt^mS\w, tdUntbj³ {]kcWw, Ch \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\p ]Icw A\phZn¨ncn¡pIbmWv. Kh¬saânsâ ]cntim[\IÄ iàns¸Sp¯n. Hcp ka{Kamb ^mIvSdnkv \nbaw sImIphcmsX ]Icw P\§fpsSbpw, sXmgnemfnIfpsSbpw Poh\pw kz¯n\pw kpc£nXXzw \ÂIp¶, Pohn¡m³ AhImiw \ÂIp¶  `cWLS\bp-sS  21 mw A\ptOZw ewLn¡p¶ `cWLS\m hncp² t`ZKXnbmWv ]pXnb ^mIvSdokv BIvSv.  kpc£bpw, BtcmKyhpw, t£ahpw Dd¸p hcp¯p¶ILO\nÀtZi§Ä B-sI 18 I¬h³j\pIfn AS§nbncn¡p¶p. Ah C´y Kh¬saâv {]mhÀ¯nIam¡Ww. ‘Make in India’Blzm\{]Imcw P\§sfbpw, sXmgnemfnIsfbpw ]´mSphm³ A´ÀtZiob Ip¯IIÄ¡v A\paXn  \ÂIcpXv.

kvtamÄ FâÀss{]knÊv BIvSv

(THE Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (Amendment) Bill, 2015)

\nehnepÅ tjm]vÊv Bâv  FÌm»njvsaâv BIvSv  t`ZKXn sNbvXv kvtamÄ FâÀ ss{]knÊv BIvSv  F¶ ]pXnb \nbaw sImIphcp¶Xv sNdpInS hyhkmb Øm]\§sf  ^mIvSdokv BIvSnsâ  ]cn[nbn \n¶v Hgnhm¡m\mWv.  AXnep]cn {][m\s¸« kmaqly kpc£bpw, BtcmKy ]cn]me\hpw \nb{´W§fpw adnI-S-¶v 300 Xmsg Poh\¡mÀ am{XamWv DÅsX¦n {][m\-s¸« 14 sXmgn \nba§fn \n¶pw sXmgnepSaIÄ Hgnhm¡s¸Spw. kz´w IW¡pIÄ kzbtah kÀ«nss^ sNbvXv sXmgnepSaIÄ¡v kaÀ¸n¡mw. Kh¬saâv ]cntim[\IÄ DImInÃ. k¼qÀ® kzmX{´yhpw sXmgnepSaIÄ¡p e`nbv¡p¶p. Hcp henb ImÀ Dev]mZ\  ^mIvSdn t]m-epw 40 Xmsg sXmgnemfnIÄ AS§p¶ hnhn[ ^mIvSdnIfmbn Xcw Xncnbv¡s¸Spw. IcmÀ sXmgnemfn k{¼Zmbw \nehn hcpt¼mÄ  sXmgnepSaIÄ   \nba§Ä¡v AXoXcmIpw.

A{]âoÊv BIvSv

sXmgn ]cnioe\¯nsâ adhn ZoÀL¡mew sXmgnemfnIsf \nba]camb B\pIqey §Ä A\phZn¡msX A{]âoÊvIfmbn \nban¡phm³ A\phZnbv¡p¶XmWv A{]âoÊv BIvSv. CXnsâ ASnØm\-¯n 18 hbÊn XmsgbpÅ Ip«nIsf XpSÀ¨bmbn A{]âoÊpI fmbn \nban¡mw. CXv _methe \ntcm[\w adnIS¶v lo\amb sXmgn k{¼Zmb¯n\v (Precarious Job)Ahkcsamcp¡p¶p.

80% hyhkmb Øm]\§sf ]e \nba§fpsSbpw ]cn[nbn \n¶v Hgnhm¡pt¼mÄ C´y AwKoIcn¨n«pÅ LabourInspectionI¬h³j³ A{]kàamIpw.  U.N. AwKoIcn¨ anÃn\obw tKmÄ, IqSpX sXmgnehkc§fpw, sa¨amb sXmgnepw F¶ Decent Work Agenda (DWA)bmWv. AXv ChnsS C\n Hcp acoNnI. C´ybn \nÀ½n¡pI (Make in India)Blzm\ {]Imcw, hntZiIp¯IÄ¡v Ipdª Iqen¡v sXmgnemfnIsf ASnaIfm¡n hyhkmbw XpS§m³ A\phZn¡p¶XmWv ]pXnb \nba t`ZKXnIÄ.

sXmgnen \nbat`ZKXnIÄ

(By Thampan Thomas, Advocate, Supreme Court of India and Kerala High Court)

C´ybn \nehnepÅ 54 tI{µ sXmgn \nba§-fpw 100 ]cw kwØm\ \nba§fpw X§fpsS hyhkmb kwcw`§fpsS hfÀ¨bv¡v hne§pXSnbmbn \n¡p¶p; Ah t`ZKXn sN¿Wsa¶XmWv C´ybnse sXmgnepSaIfpsS \nc´camb Bhiyw. BtKmfoIcW {]{Inbbn sXmgn taJebn \nb{´W§Ä¡v Øm\ansöpw, Xpd¶ hn]W\ taJebn aXvkc¯n\mWv {]m[m\ysa¶pw, BbXn\m DXv]mZ\ D]m[nIsf A\nb{´nX ambn NqjWw sN¿m³ X§Ä¡p IgnbWsa¶pw AhÀ hmZn¡p¶p. sXmgnemfnIsf \nban ¡m\pw, ]ncn¨phnSm\papÅ AhImiw, X§Ä¡v kzbm¯amsW¶pw, aÕc It¼mf¯n GXpXcw DXv]mZ\ D]m[nIfmWv D]tbmKnt¡IsX¶v Xocpam\n¡m\pÅ AhImihpw sXmgnepSaIÄ¡msW¶XpamWv AhcpsS Imgv¨¸mSv. tImÀ¸tdäpIfpsS k½À±¯n\v hg§n C´ym Kh¬saâv sImIphcp¶ ]pXnb sXmgn \nba ]cnjv¡mc§Ä ASp¯v Xs¶ ]mÀesaân AhXcn¸n¨v AwKoIcn¡phm\nSbpIv. CXnt\mSIw CXn\mbn _nÃpIfpsS IcSpcq]hpw, XrI£n NÀ¨Ifpw, ]mÀesaâv Ìm³Un§v I½ÁnbpsS \S]Sn {Ia§fpw ]qÀ¯nbmbn. C´ybnse sXmgnemfn, sXmgnepSa, Kh¬saâv {]Xn\n[nIfS§p¶ D¶X A[nImc kanXnbmb C´y³ te_À tIm¬{^³knsâ ip]mÀiIÄ adnIS¶p sImImWv Cu \o¡w. DXv]mZ\ {]{Inbbnse Xpey]¦mfnbmb sXmgnemfn CtXmsS k¼qÀ®ambn ]mÀizhXv¡cn¡s¸SpIbmWv. ]p¯³ kmt¦XnI hnZyIfpw, LS\m]camb amähpw sXmgn taJebpsS a\pjy apJw Xs¶ ]msS amÁn.

hmPvt]bn Kh¬saânsâ Im-e-¯v 2002 2-mw sXmgn I½oj\mbn \nban¨ {io. Pn.cho{µhÀ½ I½oj³ \ÂInb ip]mÀiIfpsS ad]änbmWv ]p¯³ sXmgn \nba t`ZKXnIÄ. {io. Pn. cho{µhÀ½bpsS ip]mÀiIfn AkwLSnX taJe Hgn¨pÅ FÃm ip]mÀiIfpw C´y³ te_À tIm¬{^³kv \ncmIcn¨XmWv. PkvÁnÊv KtP{µ KUvIÀ sNbÀam\mb 1-mw sXmgn I½oj³ 1967 \ÂInb ip]mÀiIfmWv sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v \nehnepÅ tkh\ thX\ hyhØ \nba ]cnc£bneqsS Dd¸phcp¯nbXv.

sXmgn \nba§fpsS ASnØm\ ZÀi\w \½psS `cWLS\bpsS auenImhImi§ fnepw, \nÀtZiI XXz§fnepw AS§nbncn¡p¶p. A´ÀtZiob sXmgn am\ZÞ§Ä \nÝbn¡s¸«n«pÅ ILObpsS 189 I¬h³j\pIfpw, 200 ]cw ip]mÀiIfpw, {]tab§fpw temIs¯¼mSpapÅ sXmgn \nba§fpsS \nba XXz kwlnX (Basic Jurisprudence)BWv. C´ybnse ap³ Kh¬saâpIÄ C¶v \ne\n¡p¶ sXmgn \nba§Ä cq]s¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ Chbmbncp¶p AhcpsS amÀ¤tcJ. sXmgn \nba§Ä Hcp Welfare\nbasa¶ \nebn {]tXyI ]cnKW\IÄ \ÂIn kwc£n¡s¸«ncp¶p. sXmgn AhImi§sf am\pjnI Ah-Imi§fmbn ]cnKWn¡pIbpw a\pjys\ NqjWw sN¿p¶ k{¼Zmb§Ä \nb{´n¡phm³ Ch D]bpàamhpIbpw sNbvXp.

C¶v Xpd¶ It¼mf¯n hnIk\¯nsâ adhn sXmgnemfnIsf \nkmchXv¡cn¨v aqe[\w sXmgnemfn¡v ta k¼qÀ® B[n]Xyw Øm]n¨ncn¡pIbmWv. AXn\m ]c¼cmKXambn A\phÀ¯n¨p h¶ncp¶ kwLS\m kzmX{´yhpw, Iq«mb hnet]iepw, \nba ]cnc£bpw Hgnhm¡phm\mWv sXmgnepSaIfpw, Kh¬saâpw B{Kln¡p¶Xv.

hyhkmb _Ô \nbaw (Labour Code on Industrial Relations 2015 )

1947se sXmgn XÀ¡ \nbahpw, 1928se t{SbvUv bqWnb³ \nbahpw, 1948se C³Ukv{Sob Ìm³UnwKv HmÀUÀ BIvSpw t{ImUoIcn¨v Hcp ]pXnb hyhkmb _Ô \nba¯n\v Kh¬saâv cq]w sImSp¯ncn¡p¶p. Cu \nba¯nsâ IcSp hyhØIsfIpdn¨v cIv XrI£n NÀ¨Ifpw, ]mÀesaâv sXmgnÂImcy kaXnbpsS NÀ¨Ifpw ]qÀ¯nbmbn«pIv. Hcp ]s£ Cu _nÃv F{Xbpw thKw ]mÀesaân AhXcn¸n¨v \nbaw B¡s¸Sphm\nSbpIv. sXmgnemfnbpw, sXmgnepSabpw, Dev]mZ\ taJebnse Xpey ]¦mfnIsf¶ AwKoIrX kahmIyw Xncp¯n¡pdn¨v sXmgnepSabv¡p taÂssI \evIp¶XmWv hyhkmb _Ô tImUv. sXmgnepSabv¡pw, sXmgnemfnbv¡pw, at²y kÀ¡mcnsâ \n£v]£X F¶Xv amän Kh¬saâv sXmgnepSa ]£¯v tNcp¶p. t{SbvUv bqWnb³ \nbaw d±v sNbvXv ]pXnb tImUn bqWnb\pIfpsS cq]oIcWw t]mepw Akm[yam¡n¯oÀ¡p¶p. ]pdta \n¶pw, bqWnb\p IÄ¡v t\Xm¡Ä ]mSnÃ. DsI¦n Xs¶ AXv AkwLSnX taJebn am{Xw. A§s\ HcmÄ¡v `mchmlnbmIp¶ bqWnb\pIÄ cIp am{Xw. Øm]\§fn \n¶pw, s]³j\mb hÀ¡v t\XrXz Øm\§Ä GsäSp¡m³ AtbmKyX, sXmgnemfn bqWnb\pIÄ¡v Political Fund cq]oIcn¡m\hImianÃ. bqWnb\pIÄ cPnÌÀ sN¿m³ Npcp§n-b-Xv 100 t]À AsÃ-¦n 10 iXam\w Poh\¡mÀ At]£n¡Ww. ]WnapS¡pIÄ ]qÀ®ambpw \nb{´W hnt[bw. \nba hncp² ]WnapS¡pIÄ¡v Pbn in£. sXmgnepSaIÄ sXmgnemfnIfpambn t\cn«v IcmÀ DIm¡mw. Iq«mb hnet]ien\pw kwLS\ kzmX{´y¯n\p ta I¯n hbv¡p¶ GÀ¸mSv. CXv `cWLS\bpsS auenImhImi§-fnÂs¸Sp¶ 19mw A\ptOZw A\phZn¡p¶ kwLS\ kzmX{´y¯nsâbpw, ILObpsS 87, 98 F¶o tImÀI¬h³j\pIfp sSbpw \Kv\amb ewL\w. sXmgnemfnIÄ Poh³ sImSp¯v t\SnsbSp¯ am\pjnImhImi §Ä Cu t`ZKXnbneqsS FSp¯p Ifbp¶p. ]pXnb hyhkmb _Ô \nba¯n Aenªp tNcp¶ asämcp \nbaamWv C³Ukv{Sob Ìm³UnwKv HmÀUÀ BIvSv. \nehn Cu \nbaw hyhkmb Øm]\§fnse Poh\¡mcpsS tkh\ hyhØIÄ \nÀ®bn¡p¶p. Poh\¡mÀ s¡XnscbpÅ A¨S¡ \S]SnIÄ, {]tamj\pIÄ, ^mIvSdnbn A\phÀ¯nt¡INpaXeIÄ, ØeamÁ§Ä XpS§nbh ]qÀ®ambpw sXmgnepSabv¡p A[nImcw \evIp¶ XmWv t`ZKXn sN¿s¸« \nbaw. CXnse XrI£n _Ôhpw, Kh¬saânsâ CSs]Sepw ]msS CÃmbva sN¿pIbmWv. sXmgnepSabv¡p A\nb{´nXamb A[nImcw \evIp¶ \nba ]cnjv¡mcw. Hire and Fire(\nban¡m\pw, ]ncn¨phnSm\pw) sXmgnepSabv¡p A[nImcw \evIp¶ \nba t`ZKXn. Ìm³UnwKv HmÀUÀ BIvSnsâ \ntj[§Ä tNmZyw sN¿phm³ sXmgnemfnbvt¡m, bqWnb\pIÄt¡m AhImianÃ. Dev]mZ\ Imcy£aXbv¡p thI]cnjv¡mc§Ä hcp¯p¶Xn\v DSabv¡p ]qÀ® kzmX{´yw DImbncn¡pw. sXmgn k{¼Zm-b-¯n 300 Xmsg Poh\¡mcpÅ hyhkmb Øm]\w kÀ-¡mÀ A\phmZanÃmsX AS¨p]q«m³ ]pXnb \nbaw sXmgnepSasb A\phZnbv¡p¶p. ap¶dnbn¸panÃmsX amä§Ä hcp¯mw. IcmÀ sXmgnemfnsbbpw, \nÝnX kab sXmgnemfnsbbpw \nban¡mw.

sXmgn XÀ¡ \nbaw t`ZKXn sNbvXp ]pXnb hyhkmb _Ô tImUv \nehn hcpt¼mÄ, Gsd hÀjambn \½psS tImSXnIÄ \ÂInbn«pÅ hn[nIfpw, XymtKmÖzeamb kac§fneqsS t\SnsbSp¯ t{SbvUv bqWnb³ AhImi§fpw, sa¨amb sXmgnepw thX\hpw, Xpeyamb ]¦mfn¯w F¶ ASnØm\ XXzhpw hnS]dbpIbmWv. sXmgnemfnIÄ A\p`hn ¡p¶ \nba ]cnc£IÄ CtXmsS CÃmXmIpw. Dev]mZ\ hÀ²hn\mbn sXmgnemfnIÄ ASnaIfpw sXmgnepSaIÄ kÀÆm[nImcnbpw kÀ¡mÀ Hcp t\m¡pIp¯nbpw Bbn-¯ocpw.

thPv tImUv (Labour Code on Wage Bills, 2015 )

thX\ kw_Ôamb \nba§Ä kwtbmPn¸n¡pIsb¶ Dt±it¯msS Minimum Wages Act, Bonus Act, Equal Remuneration Act, Payment of Wages ActXpS§nb \nba§Ä GIoIcn¨v sXmgn –thX\ \nba§sf t{ImUoIcn¡p¶ ]pXnb \nba \nÀtZiamWv Labour Code on Wage Bill, 2015.\nehnepÅ thX\w Ipdbv¡p¶Xn\v bmsXmcp sXmgnepSabv¡pw AhImianÃ. Ct¸mÄ Kh¬saâv sImIphcp¶ sXmgn \nba t`ZKXnIfneqsS aWn¡qdpIÄ¡pw, DZv]mZ\¯n\pw Iqen IW¡m¡n an\naw thX\w \nÝbn¡mhp¶XmWv. F¶m \nehnepÅ \nba§Ä A\pkcn¨v \ntXym]tbmK km[\§fpsS hne, Hcp sXmgnemfnbpsS Bhiy§Ä, DXv]mZ\ Nnehv XpS§nbhsbÃmw XrI£n kanXnbneqsS hnebncp¯nbmWv an\naw Iqen \nÝbn¡p¶Xv. C¯cw Hcp \nba¯n\v {]m_eyansöpw ]Icw sXmgn sN¿p¶ kab¯nsâbpw DXv]mZ\¯nsâbpw ASnØm\¯n an\naw Iqen \nÝbn¡Ww F¶v ]dbp¶Xv `cWLS\ \ÂIp¶ Dd¸pIfpsS ewL\amWv. Bonus F¶Xv kmÀÆ{XoIhpw, \o¡nhbv¡s¸« thX\hpamsW¶v sXmgnemfnIÄ Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ Bonus \nba¯nsâ ]cn[nbn \n¶pw AwKkwJybpsS ASnØm\¯n Øm]\§sf Hgnhm¡m \pÅ AhImiw ]pXnb Bonus Act\ÂIp¶p. AXv Hcp sXmgn XÀ¡ambn D¶bn¡phm \pÅ AhImihpw \ntj[n¡s¸Sp¶p. Xpey tPmen¡v Xpey thX\sa¶Xv \nÀ_ÔaÃmsX hcpt¼mÄ hyXyØamb thX\w Htc Xcw sXmgnen GÀs¸Sp¶hÀ¡p \ÂIphm³ sXmgnepSaIÄ¡v AhImiw \ÂIpIbmWv. CXv `cWLS\ hmKvZm\w sN¿p¶ auenImh Imi§-fmb 14 Dw, 16 Dw A\ptOZ§Ä¡v FXncmWv. thX\sa¶Xv hyàn]camb Icmdnsâ ASnØm\¯n \ÂIm³ sXmgnepSaIÄ¡v ]pXnb \nbaw Ahkcw \ÂIp¶p. CXv \nc¦piamb NqjW¯n\v hgn hbv¡pw. Hmtcm \nba§fpsSbpw DtZiye£y§Ä a\knem¡msX Ah Hcpan¨v Iq«nt¨À¯v Hcp GIoIrX \nbaam¡p¶Xv A-imkv{XobamWv. an\naw thX\w Gäw Npcp§nb thX\amWv. ]Wn¡p-Å Iqen ]eXnsâbpw ASnØm\¯n emWv \nPs¸Sp¯nbn«p-Å-Xv, AXv \ÂIp¶ coXn XpS§nbh hyhØ sN¿p¶XmWv Payment of Wages Act. BonusF¶Xv ASnØm\]cambn \o¡n hbv¡s¸« thX\w F¶ \ne-bn GÁw Npcp§nb BonusDw em`¯nsâ ]¦mfn¯w F¶ \nebn Balance Sheetsâ ASnØm\¯n ]¦nSp¶ hnlnXhpamWv t_mWÊv. Wage Codet\mSv _Ôs¸Sp¯n Kh¬saâv t`ZKXn \nÀtZin¡p¶ asämcp \nbaw Equal Remuneration ActBWv. kv{XoIÄ¡pw, ]pcpj³amÀ¡pw Xpey thX\w \ÂIWsa¶pÅXv kmÀÆtZioIambn AwKoIcn¡s¸«n«pÅ XXzamWv.

C´y³- `cWLS\bpw, ILOI¬h³j\pIfpw sXmgn cwK¯v hnthN\w ]mSnÃm sb¶pw, Xpey tPmen¡v Xpey thX\w \ÂIWsa¶pw, Npcp§nb thX\w Pohn¡m\mhiyamb thX\ambncn¡Wsa¶pw \njv¡Àjn¨n«pIv. `cWLS\bpsS 14 Dw, 39 Dw, 43 Dw A\ptOZ §Ä Ch Dd¸p Xcp¶p. Chsb Bkv]Zam¡nbmWv Iqen kw_Ôamb hyXykvX \nba§Ä ]mÀesaâv AwKoIcn¨n«pÅXv. ]pXnb thX\ \nbaw \S¸m¡p¶tXmsS Iqen sXmgnepSabpw, sXmgnemfnbpw X½n D­m¡p¶ Icmdnsâ ASnØm\¯n aWn¡qdpIÄ¡v IW¡m¡n Bbncn¡pw. 12 ap-X 13 1/2 aWn¡qÀ hsc sXmgnemfnsb ]WnsbSp¸n¡mw. Npcp§nb Iqensbt¶m, PohnXm[njvTnX an\naw Iq-en F¶tXm _m[Iambncn¡pIbnÃ. hnIknX cmPy§fn Atacn¡ DÄs¸sS Hcp aWn¡qdn-\v 1500 U.S. Dollar(10,000 cq]) hsc an\naw thX\w Bhiys¸«mWv Ct¸mÄ sXmgnemfnIÄ ]WnapS¡p¶Xv. C´ybn aWn¡qdn\pÅ icmicn thX\w tI-h-ew 40 Dw 50 Dw cq]m am{XamWv. CXv cq]bpsS A`y´c hym]mc aqey¯nsâ t]cnemsW¶v kÀ¡mÀ hmZn¡p¶p. ChnsS tI{µ t{SbvUv bqWnb\pIÄXs¶ Bhiys¸«ncn¡p¶ Npcp§nb {]Xnamk th-X-\w 15000 cq]bmWv. kÀ¡mÀ IcmÀ sXmgnemfn IÄ¡v sImSp¡Wsa¶v Bhiys¸Sp-¶-Xv 10000 cq] am{Xhpw. kp{]ow tImSXnbpsS hn[nb\pk cn¨v C´ybn \nbam\pkrXamb an\naw thX\w \evIm³ Ignbm¯ sXmgnepSaIÄ¡v hyhkmbw \S¯phm³ AhImianÃ. \h DZmchXv¡cW \b§Ä¡v A\pkrXamb GIoIrX ]p¯³ thX\ \nbaw \S¸nem¡p¶tXmsS `cWLS\bpw, kp{]owtImSXn hn[nIfpw A{]kàambn¯ocpw. t_mWÊv \nbaw amdp¶tXm-sS 8 iXam\¯n Ipdbm¯-Xpw 20 iXam\¯n IqSm¯Xpamb em`¯nsâ ]¦mfn¯w am{XamIpw t_mWÊv.

^mIvSdokv BIvSv t`ZKXn \nbaw 2016

hnIk\¯n\v hnLmXambn C´ybnse sXmgn \nba§Ä \nesImÅp¶psh¶pw, {]tXyIn¨pw kpc£nXXzhpw, BtcmKyhpw, t£a {]hÀ¯\hpw (Safety, Health and Welfare)em¡mbpÅ ^mIvSdokv BIvSv s]mfns¨gpXWsa¶pw, FICCI, ASOCHEM, Chamber of Commerce, Manufactures Association XpS§nb sXmgnepSa kwLS\IÄ apdhnfn Iq«m³ XpS§nbn«v Imew Gsdbmbn. F¶m Cu \nbaw t`ZKXn sN¿msX Xs¶ h³ hnIk\-amWv sI«nS \nÀ½mWw, J\\w, F©n\obdn§v XpS§nb hyhkmb¯nepImbn«pÅXv. 1948\p tijw 1954, 1976, 1987 F¶o hÀj§fn \S¯nb aq¶p t`ZKXn am{XamWv. 1987 se t`ZKXn t`m¸m Zpc´¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nemWv. BtcmKy kpc£bpw, A]IS \nhmcW¯n\pw A\nhmcyamWv. C´ybn Hcp aWn¡q-dn 46 acW§Ä hyhkmb A]IS§Ä DIm¡p¶p F¶mWv IW¡v. Cu kmlNcy¯n IqSpX ]cnc£IÄ hcpt¯It`ZKXnbv¡p ]Icw, XeXncnª asämcp t`ZKXnbmWv tamZn kÀ¡mÀ sImIphcp¶Xv. 40 Ipdhv BfpIÄ sXmgn sN¿p¶ hyhkmb Øm]\§sf ^mIvSdokv BIvSnsâ ]cn[nbn Hgnhm¡p¶p. CXp h-gn 80% hyhkmb Øm]\§Ä \nb{´W hnapàcmbn¯ocpw. ]pXnb kmt¦XnI hnZyIÄ D]tbmKn¨v h³InS hyhkm-b-§Ä 40 Ipdª am\htijnsImIv \S¯mhp¶ XmWv. tdmt_m«pIfpw, BÁanI F\ÀPnbpw DÅnSt¯mfw, hyhkmb D]m[nIsf hnLSn ¸n¡phm³ Ignbpw. IqSpX sXmgnemfnIÄ bmsXmcp hyhkmb¯nepw Bhiyambn hcnÃ. ]pXnb t`ZKXn {]-Im-cw 14 hbÊmb Ip«nIsf ^mIvSdnIfn tPmen sN¿n¡mw. CXv Child Labour Act\p hncp²amWv. \nc´cambn DImbns¡mIncn¡p¶ hyhkmb A]IS§Ä, sXmgnemfn IÃm¯hcpsS kpc£ Cu t`ZKXnIÄ aptJ\ Dd¸p hcp¯p¶nÃ. F³tUmkÄ ^m³, shSns¡«]ISw, sI«nSw XIÀ¶p hogÂ, kvt^mS\w, tdUntbj³ {]kcWw, Ch \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\p ]Icw A\phZn¨ncn¡pIbmWv. Kh¬saânsâ ]cntim[\IÄ iàns¸Sp¯n. Hcp ka{Kamb ^mIvSdnkv \nbaw sImIphcmsX ]Icw P\§fpsSbpw, sXmgnemfnIfpsSbpw Poh\pw kz¯n\pw kpc£nXXzw \ÂIp¶, Pohn¡m³ AhImiw \ÂIp¶ `cWLS\bp-sS 21 mw A\ptOZw ewLn¡p¶ `cWLS\m hncp² t`ZKXnbmWv ]pXnb ^mIvSdokv BIvSv. kpc£bpw, BtcmKyhpw, t£ahpw Dd¸p hcp¯p¶ ILO\nÀtZi§Ä B-sI 18 I¬h³j\pIfn AS§nbncn¡p¶p. Ah C´y Kh¬saâv {]mhÀ¯nIam¡Ww. ‘Make in India’Blzm\{]Imcw P\§sfbpw, sXmgnemfnIsfbpw ]´mSphm³ A´ÀtZiob Ip¯IIÄ¡v A\paXn \ÂIcpXv.

kvtamÄ FâÀss{]knÊv BIvSv

(THE Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (Amendment) Bill, 2015)

\nehnepÅ tjm]vÊv Bâv FÌm»njvsaâv BIvSv t`ZKXn sNbvXv kvtamÄ FâÀ ss{]knÊv BIvSv F¶ ]pXnb \nbaw sImIphcp¶Xv sNdpInS hyhkmb Øm]\§sf ^mIvSdokv BIvSnsâ ]cn[nbn \n¶v Hgnhm¡m\mWv. AXnep]cn {][m\s¸« kmaqly kpc£bpw, BtcmKy ]cn]me\hpw \nb{´W§fpw adnI-S-¶v 300 Xmsg Poh\¡mÀ am{XamWv DÅsX¦n {][m\-s¸« 14 sXmgn \nba§fn \n¶pw sXmgnepSaIÄ Hgnhm¡s¸Spw. kz´w IW¡pIÄ kzbtah kÀ«nss^ sNbvXv sXmgnepSaIÄ¡v kaÀ¸n¡mw. Kh¬saâv ]cntim[\IÄ DImInÃ. k¼qÀ® kzmX{´yhpw sXmgnepSaIÄ¡p e`nbv¡p¶p. Hcp henb ImÀ Dev]mZ\ ^mIvSdn t]m-epw 40 Xmsg sXmgnemfnIÄ AS§p¶ hnhn[ ^mIvSdnIfmbn Xcw Xncnbv¡s¸Spw. IcmÀ sXmgnemfn k{¼Zmbw \nehn hcpt¼mÄ sXmgnepSaIÄ \nba§Ä¡v AXoXcmIpw.

A{]âoÊv BIvSv

sXmgn ]cnioe\¯nsâ adhn ZoÀL¡mew sXmgnemfnIsf \nba]camb B\pIqey §Ä A\phZn¡msX A{]âoÊvIfmbn \nban¡phm³ A\phZnbv¡p¶XmWv A{]âoÊv BIvSv. CXnsâ ASnØm\-¯n 18 hbÊn XmsgbpÅ Ip«nIsf XpSÀ¨bmbn A{]âoÊpIfmbn \nban¡mw. CXv _methe \ntcm[\w adnIS¶v lo\amb sXmgn k{¼Zmb¯n\v (Precarious Job) Ahkcsamcp¡p¶p.

80% hyhkmb Øm]\§sf ]e \nba§fpsSbpw ]cn[nbn \n¶v Hgnhm¡pt¼mÄ C´y AwKoIcn¨n«pÅ LabourInspectionI¬h³j³ A{]kàamIpw. U.N AwKoIcn¨ anÃn\obw tKmÄ, IqSpX sXmgnehkc§fpw, sa¨amb sXmgnepw F¶ Decent Work Agenda (DWA)bmWv. AXv ChnsS C\n Hcp acoNnI. C´ybn \nÀ½n¡pI (Make in India)Blzm\ {]Imcw, hntZiIp¯IÄ¡v Ipdª Iqen¡v sXmgnemfnIsf ASnaIfm¡n hyhkmbw XpS§m³ A\phZn¡p¶XmWv ]pXnb \nba t`ZKXnIÄ.